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In many multi-family buildings, electricity, water, or heating costs are still allocated uniformly among residents. This means that those who consume little pay as much as those who consume a lot. With Individual Metering and Billing (IMD), the distribution becomes fairer as each apartment's actual consumption is measured and billed individually.
IMD has become an increasingly common tool for property owners who want to reduce energy consumption, increase cost awareness, and create more transparent billing.
The principle is simple: each apartment or commercial space gets its own metering for, for example:
Meter readings are collected automatically and then used as a basis for billing. Residents thus pay for their actual consumption instead of an estimated share of the property's total cost.
Submetering typically consists of four parts:
First, sub-meters are installed for the utilities to be measured. These can be electricity meters, water meters, or heat meters placed in each apartment.
The meters send their readings to a gateway or collection unit via, for example:
Data is collected automatically without anyone needing to read the meters manually.
The gateway forwards the meter readings to a system for energy management, property management, or billing. The information can be transferred via open interfaces and standardized communication protocols.
The meter readings are used as a basis for invoicing or rent statements. Each resident pays for their own consumption, which creates a clear link between behavior and cost.
When residents see their own consumption, awareness of energy and water usage increases. Experience from many properties shows that consumption often decreases after the implementation of IMD.
Each household pays for what is actually used. This creates a fairer cost distribution among residents.
The property owner receives detailed information about energy usage in the building and can more easily identify deviations, leaks, or inefficient installations.
Digital meter data collection creates a foundation for future energy optimization, automation, and integration with other property systems.
Submetering is currently used in, for example:
Especially in new constructions, submetering is now a common part of a property's digital infrastructure.
When installing an submetering-system, it's important to think long-term. Many older solutions are based on proprietary systems, making property owners dependent on a specific vendor.
By choosing open standards like M-Bus, Wireless M-Bus, and LoRA, greater flexibility is achieved. Property owners can more easily switch system providers, integrate new services, and develop their property without having to replace installed hardware.
Submetering makes it possible to measure and bill for electricity, water, gas and heating based on actual consumption. The result is a fairer cost distribution, lower resource usage, and better control over the property's energy data.
For property owners, submetering is not just a billing tool – it's also a crucial building block in the effort towards more energy-efficient and sustainable properties.
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